How to use dynamic symmetry
Dynamic symmetry is a powerful design principle rooted in mathematics and nature. It provides a way to create harmonious, balanced, and aesthetically pleasing compositions by using proportionate and repeating geometric relationships. Unlike rigid, equal symmetry, dynamic symmetry offers more flexibility and organic movement, which is why it’s often used in art, photography, architecture, and graphic design. Learning how to use dynamic symmetry can elevate your visual work, making it feel more natural yet structured at the same time.
To start using dynamic symmetry, it helps to understand what it actually is. Dynamic symmetry is based on root rectangles, such as the root 2, root 3, and root 5 rectangles. These rectangles are built using square roots to determine their proportions, and from these ratios, a grid is formed. This grid can then guide the placement of objects, lines, and subjects within a composition. The most common dynamic symmetry grid is built from a root 2 rectangle. This type of grid divides the space in a way that keeps proportions consistent as the design expands or contracts. It creates a sense of rhythm and motion, which makes a design feel both grounded and alive.
When applying dynamic symmetry, the first step is to overlay or draw the appropriate grid over your canvas, paper, screen, or frame. You then use this grid to determine where to place major elements. This includes focal points, lines of movement, and visual flow. The diagonals and intersecting lines on the grid are especially important. These lines suggest natural areas of balance and energy. Placing important elements along these lines or at intersections helps your composition feel intuitive to the viewer, even if they’re not consciously aware of the geometry behind it.
You can use dynamic symmetry in figure drawing by aligning the figure’s limbs, torso, and gestures with the angles and divisions of the grid. In photography, you can frame shots where key elementslike a person’s eyes, the horizon, or a leading linealign with the grid lines. In painting or digital illustration, the dynamic symmetry grid can help you block in forms, light, and composition. In design, you can use it to structure layouts so they feel balanced without being boring or overly symmetrical. The idea isn’t to follow the grid rigidly but to use it as a framework, like an invisible skeleton behind the final image.
Dynamic symmetry also works well with the golden ratio. In fact, many dynamic symmetry systems were developed to mimic the natural balance found in things like flowers, shells, and even the human body. Artists like Jay Hambidge, who popularized dynamic symmetry in the early 20th century, believed it reflected the natural order of growth and design. When you use these principles, you’re tapping into a visual language that already feels right to the human eye because it mirrors nature’s logic.
Using dynamic symmetry takes practice. You’ll need to draw grids, study masterworks that use it, and experiment with your own compositions. But over time, it becomes intuitive. Your eye will begin to recognize what feels balanced and dynamic, and your work will reflect that. Whether you’re working in traditional art, digital design, or even architecture, dynamic symmetry can be one of the most valuable tools for creating visual harmony and natural beauty.